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REFERENCES of polyster articles
1390,06,24 04:20
Handbook of Fiber Chemistry Third Edition Edited by Menachem Lewin REFERENCES 1. Worldwide Manufactured Fiber Survey, Fiber Economic Bureau, Fiber Organon, June 2002. 2. G. Reese, Polyester fibers, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Technology, 3rd edn, Vol. 3, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003, pp. 652–678....
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WORLD MARKETS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR POLYESTER FIBERS
1390,06,24 04:16
The total world market for all synthetic fibers in 2002 was around 36,000,000 tons. Of this total, 21,500,000 tons is PET and the rate of consumption is still growing, although apparently slowing. Over the past 15 years, there have been cataclysmic changes in the polyester-producing fiber business. The gradual eclipse...
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NOVEL FIBER FORMS
1390,06,24 04:14
MICROFIBERS Microfiber is arbitrarily defined as a filament of less than 1.0 dpf. Normal filament yarn polyester is around 3. 0–5.0 dpf. Microfibers are many times finer than a human hair and finer than the finest silk: diameters are generally less than 10 mm. A typical polyester microfiber has a titer of about 0.5...
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BICOMPONENT FIBERS AND MICROFIBERS
1390,06,24 04:12
Bicomponent fibers or ‘‘heterofil’’ fibers are filaments made up of different polymers. There are many geometrical arrangements. The three main heterofil geometries are side-by-side, core–sheath (both concentric and eccentric), and the multiple core or ‘‘islands in a sea’’ configuration. The so-called ‘‘splittable...
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DYEING POLYESTERS
1390,06,24 04:08
INTRODUCTION Dyeing synthetic fibers is a huge subject in its own right and the reader is advised to consult one of the many publications that deal with it comprehensively [61]. When PET fibers first appeared, they presented many problems for traditional dyers. PET has no functional groups to give affinity for usual...
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ANTISTATIC AND ANTISOILING FIBERS
1390,06,24 04:03
These topics are related because the origins of the problems are interrelated. Synthetic fibers in general, and PET in particular, are hydrophobic materials—PET has a moisture regain of 0.4% at 60% RH. PET fibers are difficult to wet and rapidly build up static electrical charges by friction because as water...
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NONCIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION FIBERS
1390,06,24 04:00
Synthetic fibers like PET and nylon are normally round in cross section, however no natural fiber has a circular cross section. Wool is irregular, cotton is ‘‘dogbone’’ shaped, and silk is triangular. In the early 1970s, people began to study the effect of noncircular cross-section (NCCS) fibers on yarn and fabric...
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LOW-PILL STAPLE POLYESTER
1390,06,24 03:59
PET staple blends with wool and cotton were highly successful from the very first introduction of PET in the 1950s. However, consumers soon noticed an annoying problem. It was the formation of small fuzzy balls (called ‘‘pills’’) on the surface of fabrics. This phenomenon is Polyester Fibers 19 known as ‘‘pilling’’...
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MODIFICATION OF POLYESTER FIBERS—SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS FOR SPECIFIC
1390,06,24 03:58
This wide topic covers both chemical and physical modifications to both the polymer and the fiber. We shall deal with only a few of the more important variations possible on this theme, but all are based on an understanding of polyester chemistry and processing described earlier in this chapter. SPIN FINISHES Fibers...
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BIODEGRADABLE FIBERS
1390,06,24 03:54
Biodegradable polyesters comprise a diverse field, but the most well-developed fiber (monofil) market is resorbable surgical sutures, which slowly disappear in vivo and do not need subsequent surgical removal. The first commercial samples were introduced in the early 1970s by Ethicon Corporation [51]. These sutures...
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Processing of Thermotropic Polyesters
1390,06,24 03:50
Thermotropic polyesters are melt-spun from the nematic phase and orient easily in an elongational flow field (moderate drawdowns=forces are sufficient). In the fiber case, highly oriented fibers form easily with an initial modulus close to theory—typical values range from about 70 to 150 GPa. Ward [46] has shown that...
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Chemical Structure of LCPs
1390,06,24 03:45
Thermotropic polyester backbone chemistry is characterized by a high degree of aromaticity, planarity, and linearity in the chain backbone. Most common moieties are p-phenylene, 1,4- biphenyl, and 2,6-naphthalyl moieties linked by ester or amide linkages. Polymers that form liquid crystal phases in the melt are...
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HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYESTER FIBERS—PEN AND LCPS
1390,06,24 03:43
The polyester derived from ethylene glycol and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid was first discovered by ICI in the late 1940s [43]. It has a much higher Tg than PET and gives strong, high-modulus fibers, but the inaccessibility of the diacid was an insurmountable problem until recently. Now, firms like Amoco (now...
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POLYESTER FIBERS BASED ON TEREPHTHALIC ACID
1390,06,24 03:36
PBT was examined in detail in the early 1950s both in Europe and the United States as a textile fiber. It had many attractive properties compared to PET; it could be melt-spun at lower temperatures and, owing to its polymer chemistry, it was inherently whiter than PET. As a fiber, it was much more elastic and had...
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PET
1390,06,24 03:25
PET is a semicrystalline polymer and its physical parameters have been repeatedly determined over many years. The summary of the most recent widely accepted values [39] is shown in Table 1.1.
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POLYESTER YARNS FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
1390,06,24 03:20
For industrial use, high-tenacity yarns, such as the tire cord, have to be drawn under conditions where low heat shrinkage, low extension, and high modulus products are produced. In fact, a tire cord is a highly specialized product, and complete integrated continuous polymerization spinning and drawing plants...
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PET YARN AFTER PROCESSING—HEAT-SETTING AND BULKING
1390,06,24 03:14
Drawn filament yarn can be treated in a number of ways. It may simply be wound onto a yarn package, twisted on a ring frame, or sent for a yarn bulking process such as false-twist bulking. One of the major breakthroughs in the 1970s was the introduction of high-speed yarn winders, which gave large cylindrical yarn...
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PET PROCESSING—DRAWING
1390,06,24 03:12
Despite the orientation introduced during spinning, additional increases in molecular order are often brought about by a separate drawing process. Fiber-forming polymers show a phenomenon called ‘‘cold drawing on stretching,’’ provided the molecular weight is sufficiently high to prevent premature breakage. Undrawn...
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PET PROCESSING—MELT SPINNING
1390,06,24 03:05
The melt spinning of PET has been extensively treated in the patent literature, but less in the open literature [27], although the recent chapters by Bessey and Jaffe [28] and Reese are good introductions to the process. We will concentrate here on how changes in the key process variables of spinline stress and...
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PET POLYMERIZATION
1390,06,23 01:23
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA PET is the condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. The key to successful PET polymerization is monomer purity and the absence of moisture in the reaction vessel. PET polymerization has recently been reviewed in detail by East M ONOMER P RODUCTION The...
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INTRODUCTION polyster
1390,06,22 03:50
INTRODUCTION Polyester fiber, specifically poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), is the largest volume synthetic fiber produced worldwide. The total volume produced in 2002 was 21 million metric tons or 58% of synthetic fiber production worldwide. The distribution of synthetic fiber production by chemistry is shown in...
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The Rupp Report: GITEC Grosse Back On Track
1390,05,30 23:53
Jürg Rupp, Executive Editor In anticipation of the forthcoming ITMA in Barcelona, Spain, the Rupp Report is taking acloser look at some exhibitors that will take part in the exhibition in Catalonia's capital city. Here is the first story: At ITMA 1999 in Paris, there was an exhibit in the booth of Germany-based Grosse...
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[ بدون عنوان ]
1390,05,18 05:43
Textile News Karl Mayer Offers Indig-O-Matic System Based On Clariant's Advanced Denim Dyeing Germany-based Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH has revamped its Indig-O-Matic modular warp yarn preparation system for denim weaving to integrate Switzerland-based specialty chemical company Clariant International...
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The Rupp Report: A Nightmare Or A Break?
1390,05,17 00:33
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Investigation of the figure of merit for filters with a single n
1390,01,24 16:40
Jing Wang , a , , Seong Chan Kim a and David Y.H. Pui a a Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Received 7 June 2007; revised 14 September 2007; accepted 4 December 2007. Available online 8 December 2007. Abstract We investigate filters...
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Morphology optimization of polymer nanofibernext term for applic
1390,01,24 16:36
Ki Myoung Yun a , b , Adi Bagus Suryamas a , Ferry Iskandar a , d , Li Bao c , Hitoshi Niinuma c and Kikuo Okuyama a , , a Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular...
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Nanonext term-structured sandwich composites response to low-vel
1389,11,30 13:41
Nano -structured sandwich composites response to low-velocity impact Antonio F. Ávila a , , , , Maria Gabriela R. Carvalho b , Eder C. Dias b and Diego T.L. da Cruz b a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 6627 Antonio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil b...
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Can we grow buildings? Concepts and requirements for automated n
1389,11,30 13:40
Can we grow buildings? Concepts and requirements for automated nano - to meter-scale building Danijel Rebolj a , , , Martin Fischer b , Drew Endy c , Thomas Moore d and Andrej Šorgo e a University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Construction Informatics Center, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia b...
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Hybrid effect of carbon nanotube and nanonext term-clay on phys
1389,11,30 13:38
Hybrid effect of carbon nanotube and nano -clay on physico-mechanical properties of cement mortar M.S. Morsy , a , , S.H. Alsayed a and M. Aqel a a King Saud University, College of Engineering, Specialty Units for Safety & Preservation of Structures P.O. Box 800, Saudi Arabia Received 7 March 2010; revised 5 May...
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Atomistic-based continuum representation of the effective proper
1389,11,30 13:35
Atomistic-based continuum representation of the effective properties of nano -reinforced epoxies S.A. Meguid , a , , J.M. Wernik a and Z.Q. Cheng a a Mechanics and Aerospace Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada...